Science of Cooking: Ask the Inquisitive Cooks! (2025)

Science of Cooking: Ask the Inquisitive Cooks! (1)

" Why do recipes recommend a pinch of cream of tartar and a dash of vinegar in toffee? "

Dear Anne and Sue,

Why do recipes recommend a pinch of cream of tartar and a dash of vinegar in toffee? What does this do?
— S. O'Brien

Still have more questions? You'll find more answers in our archived monthly feature articles by the Inquisitive Cooks.

( Meet the Inquisitive Cooks )

Cream of tartar, vinegar, and brown sugar are all commonly used in toffees. Each of these ingredients is acidic, and with reference to candy-making, each is referred to as an interfering substance, a term that aptly describes its function in a boiling syrup.
Science of Cooking: Ask the Inquisitive Cooks! (2)

In a candy syrup, the sucrose molecules of sugar react with water in the presence of an acid to form an invert sugar . This means that as boiling continues, a portion of the sugar separates into its constituent parts—glucose and fructose. Adding cream of tartar and a dash of vinegar to a toffee recipe helps bring about this change. The presence of invert sugar is important because it influences the amount of crystal formation as well as the size of the crystals that form as candy hardens.

The bottom line on this one is that the proportion of interfering substances in the syrup has a strong influence on the texture of the finished toffee. Candy-making is tricky, however, because lots of other factors come into play. Do check out the candy section for more information.

We suspect that at this time of year your question will be of interest to other people too. Thanks for asking it!

Anne and Sue
Science of Cooking: Ask the Inquisitive Cooks! (3) Science of Cooking: Ask the Inquisitive Cooks! (4) Science of Cooking: Ask the Inquisitive Cooks! (5)
Science of Cooking: Ask the Inquisitive Cooks! (2025)

FAQs

What is a quote about cooking and science? ›

Cooking is not a science but an art, mistakes are okay, messes are fine—the pleasure is in the creating and the sharing of the result.

What is the cooking show about the science of cooking? ›

Chef Secrets: The Science of Cooking - Apple TV.

What is the scientific approach to cooking? ›

Molecular gastronomy is the scientific approach of cuisine from primarily the perspective of chemistry.

What is the scientific concept behind cooking? ›

Conduction. Conduction happens when heat moves from a solid object that is in direct contact with another one. A pot of water on a stove must get hot first in order to heat the water within it. The pot transfers heat from the energy source (usually gas or electric), to the water, and subsequently heats it.

What is an inspiring quote about cooking? ›

12 Quotes About the Joy of Cooking from the Heart
  • “Cooking is like love. ...
  • “A recipe has no soul. ...
  • “Cooking is like painting or writing a song. ...
  • “If you are a chef, no matter how good a chef you are, it's not good cooking for yourself; the joy is in cooking for others.
Feb 19, 2020

What is a catchy quote about food? ›

So long as you have food in your mouth you have solved all questions for the time being.” “There is no sincere love than the love of food.” “If more of us valued food and cheer and song above hoarded gold, it would be a merrier world.” “I love you like a fat kid loves cake.”

What is the science of cooking called? ›

molecular gastronomy, the scientific discipline concerned with the physical and chemical transformations that occur during cooking.

Do chefs know how to cook? ›

To simply answer this question, a chef is an individual who is trained to understand flavors, cooking techniques, create recipes from scratch with fresh ingredients, and have a high level of responsibility within a kitchen. A cook is an individual who follows established recipes to prepare food.

Why is cooking like science? ›

Any cooking you do involves chemistry. The use of heat, cold, and cutting changes the composition of foods. Even simply slicing an apple sets off chemical reactions that change the color of the apple's flesh. If you heat up sugar to turn it into syrup, you're using a chemical reaction.

What is the basic science behind cooking? ›

Conduction: direct contact with a heat source, such as in a cooking pan. This is generally directional, and it helps you sauté scallops or sear steak, for example. Convection: heat transfer via air or water. This happens in an oven and is more even in nature, meaning your roast beef gets warmed all the way around.

Is cooking an exact science? ›

Cooking is flexible, while baking is precise

And while all cooking is scientific, it's true that baking relies on pure scientific precision to create a great dish.

What are the scientific principles in cooking? ›

​​Exploring the Science of Cooking: How Heat Affects Food
  • Maillard Reaction: The Browning Magic. ...
  • Protein Denaturation: Changing Structures. ...
  • Gelatinization: The Science of Starch. ...
  • Caramelization: Sugars at Work. ...
  • Cooking Oil and Heat Transfer.
Oct 6, 2023

What is the hypothesis of cooking? ›

The cooking hypothesis starts with the claim that unlike other animals, Homo sapiens has evolved an obligation to include cooked food in the diet such that we cannot live without it.

What is the basic concept of cooking? ›

It explains that cooking uses heat to improve food's appearance, taste, and make it digestible while killing harmful bacteria. Heat transfer occurs through conduction, convection, and radiation. The two main cooking methods are dry heat and moist heat. Learning to cook improves life skills and health.

What chef uses science to cook? ›

Celebrity chef Heston Blumenthal has invented some unique cooking techniques that incorporate science - using a style that has been labelled "gastronomic alchemy".

What is the food scientist quote? ›

Everything in food is science. The only subjective part is when you eat it.

What is the best quote about science? ›

Science quotations
  • Science is organised knowledge. ...
  • Science is a beautiful gift to humanity; we should not distort it.
  • The science of today is the technology of tomorrow.
  • The good thing about science is that it's true whether or not you believe in it.

Is cooking related to science? ›

Cooking isn't just an art; it's a science. We'll help you understand the physical and chemical processes that make food look, smell, and taste the way it does.

What science says about food? ›

Research consistently shows that when you eat mostly plant foods, markers of health improve. Benefits include lower blood pressure, triglyceride levels, glucose and waist circumference, which can translate to a lower risk of a number of different diseases, including heart disease and diabetes.

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